How Far Is 500 Kilometers – Flat-Earthers have compared the appearance of the ISS and a plane seen in photographs and then wrongly concluded that the ISS cannot be 410 km above us. Their mistake was equating height with distance and failing to consider the range distance between the ISS and the aircraft.
If the plane is at an altitude of 12 km, it does not mean that its distance from the observer is also 12 km. Its height and distance are equal only when the plane is directly above the observer. If the plane is not directly overhead, then its distance is greater than its height.
How Far Is 500 Kilometers
In a memo published by Flat Earth, they showed two pictures of the ISS and a plane in front of the moon. Since the spacecraft appears to be only twice the size of the ISS, they mistakenly conclude that the ISS cannot be 410 km above us.
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Therefore, if the ISS is 500 km away, then the distance to the plane is about 167 km. Using any curve calculator, we can also determine that an airplane at an altitude of 12 km is still visible above the horizon at this distance.
Studies of underwater noise pollution from offshore mining operations have found that noise from just one mine can travel about 500 kilometers (about 311 miles) in moderate air, potentially affecting deep-sea species—the Earth’s largest habitat. Where multiple mines operate there can also be cumulative effects.
Scientists from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Ocean Innovation, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan and Curtin University in Australia participated in the research, which was funded by the Pew Philanthropic Fund. Sponsored by The findings are published in Science.
The deep sea is home to organisms found nowhere else on Earth – many of which, given the lack of sunlight, are likely able to move, communicate, find mates, find food, and hunt. and uses sound to detect other hazards.
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Seventeen contractors are exploring the possibility of mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), an area that stretches 4.5 million square kilometers (1.7 million square miles) between Hawaii and Mexico and is a major focus of deep-sea mining. If each contractor were to start just one mine, about 5.5 million square kilometers (2.1 million square miles) – an area larger than the European Union – would increase noise levels. Not only can this level of mining activity have unprecedented impacts on noise-sensitive species, it can also undermine efforts to protect areas free of mining impacts – known as “conservation reference areas”. – Used to make scientific comparisons.
Craig R. said: “Our modeling suggests that mining noise can affect areas beyond the main mining sites, including conservation reference zones that are required by the draft mining regulations to be unaffected by mining. ” Smith, UH professor emeritus of oceanography. Of the Manoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Smith says the discovery “may require a review of environmental regulations, including the number of mining operations allowed in the CCZ”.
“What surprised me the most is how easy it is for the noise of just one or two mines to affect nearby areas that have been designated as experimental controls,” said Rob Williams, co-founder of Oceans Initiative. “With so many unknowns, we need to carefully compare these protected reference areas with mining sites to understand the impacts of mining.” But the noise will cross the boundaries between conservation zones and mining sites.”
Although mining companies are already testing small-scale prototypes of deep-sea mining systems, they have yet to share their data on underwater noise pollution. The science paper should use noise levels from well-studied industrial activities, such as ships in the oil and gas industry and offshore dredging, as a safeguard. Actual noise levels from deep-sea mining may vary when data becomes available — but, says Andrew Friedman, director of Pew’s Ocean Mining Project, they are likely to be lower than proxy data because real ocean mining The equipment is Much bigger and more powerful than proxy. “These are probably conservative estimates.”
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Curtin University Professor Christian Irby said: “Evaluating the noise of future equipment and facilities is challenging, but we don’t need to wait until the first mines are operational to estimate the noise they create. In the engineering design phase, By knowing the noise level, we can better prepare how it may affect marine life. Please refer to the appropriate style guide or other resources if you have any questions.
Louis Owen, Assistant Professor of Geology, University of California, Riverside. Author of Introduction to Global Environmental Issues and Environmental Management: Readings and Case Studies.
Agdajan J. Babayev, President, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat. Manager of sand conversion in the deserts of the U.S.S.R
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Karakum Desert, also called Karakum, Turkmen Garagom or Gara Guma (“black sand”), Russian Karakum, a large sandy area in Central Asia. It covers about 70 percent of Turkmenistan’s surface area. Another small desert near the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan is called the Aral Karakum.
The area of Turkmen Karakum is about 135,000 square miles (350,000 km2), about 500 miles (800 km) from west to east and 300 miles (500 km) from north to south. It is bordered by the Sarkamish Basin to the north, the Amu Darya Valley (ancient Oxus River) to the northeast and east, and the Garabelle Highlands and Windy Steppe region to the southeast. To the south and southwest, the desert lies at the foot of the Kopt Dag Mountains, and to the west and northwest it is bordered by the ancient valley of the Azbay River. It is divided into three parts: the elevated northern Trans-Angus Karakum; Central Karakam; and the southeastern Karakum, through which runs a series of salt marshes. A series of saline, detached, eolian (wind-formed) ongoose thrusts runs along the boundary of the Trans-Ongoose and Central Karakum.
The surface of the Trans-Unguz Karakum is eroded by strong winds. The central Karagum plain extends from the Amu Darya to the Caspian Sea along the same mountain range as the Indus. Wind-blown, semi-erosive sand ranges from 250 to 300 feet (75 to 90 meters), depending on age and wind speed. Just under 10 percent of the area is made up of cliffs (crescent-shaped rocks), some of which are 30 feet (9 meters) or more high. There are many internal pressures (
), which is covered by up to 30 feet (9 m) of clay deposits and serves as a drainage basin for the low rainfall in the area; The water collected in these basins allows for the cultivation of fruits such as melons and grapes. Saline areas called salt pans are also formed by evaporation of water from the subsoil.
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About 30 million years ago, the entire region of Karakum was covered by the sea. Orogenic (mountain-building) processes in the southern part of the Torani Plain resulted in gradual subsidence of the ocean and eventual extinction. Later, the Amu Darya flowed through Karagum, changing its bed from time to time and depositing a large amount of fine sediment (mostly sand and clay). Karakum sand now contains about 40 different minerals brought from the mountains to the southeast. After the Amu River changed its course and turned north to drain the Aral Sea, the surface of the Karakum was mainly shaped by eolian processes, which reflect the current desert landforms. With the advent of new wireless technologies, we wonder again and again what these technologies are capable of. LoRa has been around for about 2 years now and people all over the world are excited about the huge distances it can cover while consuming very little power.
Over the past two years, many have attempted to set world records for the greatest distance a data packet can travel. Ideal conditions are found by climbing tall buildings, mountains or releasing a helium balloon into the air, reaching high altitudes. The Swiss Andreas Spies became famous for connecting to the ground from 212 km, and the Dutch company SODAQ began releasing helium balloons that resulted in an amazing 354 km from an altitude of about 15 km.
On Saturday August 26, the air balloon was launched during the Coupling event, in Amersfoort, the Netherlands, an annual festival for partner production and free/free alternatives for the community. About citizenship science
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