What Is 85 Celsius In Fahrenheit – An increase in heat increases the risk to agricultural workers. Strategies are available to help workers beat the heat, including masks for summer clothing.
The first map shows the maximum daily heat index in degrees Fahrenheit, the threshold for the top 5% of hottest days from May to September. Other maps show the same projected value for 2 degrees Celsius warming in 2050 and 4 degrees Celsius warming in 2100. Colors reflect federal health and safety recommendations for outdoor workers. (Source: Michelle Tigchelaar et al.)
What Is 85 Celsius In Fahrenheit
In the United States, agricultural workers face an average of 21 days a year with a daily heat index — a combination of air temperature and humidity — that exceeds workplace safety standards, and that number is expected to double by 2050 and triple by 2100, according to a new study published in April in Environmental Research Letters.
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The study compares the current average daily heat index in U.S. agricultural counties at three points in time: now; in 2050 with a projected warming of 2 degrees Celsius; and in 2100 with a projected warming of 4 degrees Celsius if climate change continues without mitigation. According to lead author Michelle Tigchelaar, who conducted most of the research for this study as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Washington, it also presents strategies the agricultural industry could implement to protect the health of its workers. She is currently a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University.
Before this study, Tigchelaar’s research focused on climate change and its effects on insect pests and crops, but the publicity surrounding the death of a blueberry picker on a hot summer day in Washington in 2017 prompted her to consider how hot summers affected the men and women who worked in the fields. He reached out to June Spector, an associate professor in the UW’s Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, to dig deeper.
“When I started this work, I learned that even in our current climate, farm workers are at much greater risk of extreme temperatures than the average worker,” he said, noting that American farm workers are 20 times more likely to die from heat stress-related illnesses than other civilian workers in general. “That’s what prompted us to do this study.”
The researchers based the 2-degree warming in 2050 and the 4-degree warming in 2100 on estimates from the Joint Climate Model Intercomparison Project, which brings together the work of dozens of climate research groups.
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Michelle Tigchelaar is the lead author of a new study that shows farm workers will face double the number of excessively hot days by 2050, and offers strategies to help workers cope with the heat, both now and in the future. (Courtesy of Michelle Tigchelaar)
“Unless there is really rapid decarbonisation, 2 degrees (for 2050) is somewhat integrated. The 2100 estimate has a lot more room for our actions to influence whether we go beyond 2 degrees or less, so 4 degrees (represents) what will happen if we don’t reform our energy economy,” Tigchelaar said.
To determine the effect on farm workers, they then focused on how climate change would affect daily heat and humidity in growing regions during the May to September season. The heat index is a measure used by the National Weather Service and the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration to assess potential health risks associated with environmental conditions, and the Occupational Safety Standards Study Description is based on National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health guidelines.
Currently, agricultural workers have an average of 21 days per growing season when the daily heat index exceeds safe workplace standards, with an expected increase to 39 days by 2050 and 62 unsafe days by 2100, Tigchelaar said.
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“These are national averages, so they’re going to be much higher in the Southeast than, say, Washington,” he said, but the trend toward more dangerous days will occur across the country. For the growth region of West Michigan, for example, which currently has fewer than 10 unsafe days, Tigchelaar said the number will increase “from 10 to 20 by mid-century and over 50 by the end of the century.”
In addition, heat waves — three or more days of at least 90 degrees Fahrenheit — will become more common. Currently, most counties with at least 500 farm workers experience a three-day heat wave about once a summer, but that will increase to an average of five times a season by 2050 and six to eight times a season by the end of the century. Because of such prolonged heat, it can be difficult for workers to find relief from the heat, even at night, if the facility does not have adequate ventilation or air conditioning, she said, “and your ability to cool down at night is important to mitigate health impacts.”
For farmers and their workers, the question is not whether summers will be hotter in the future, but what to do now. In the UW/Stanford study, Tigchelaar listed strategies including changing to warm-weather clothing, drinking plenty of water, taking breaks as needed and easing up on work demands on particularly hot days.
Clothing is important, agrees Melanie Forti, director of health and safety programs at the Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs, a national advocacy group. “We strongly recommend that farm workers wear light, loose-fitting clothing that breathes, such as cotton, and avoid any synthetic clothing that does not breathe,” he said, adding that long-sleeved shirts are a good choice as they help protect workers’ skin from direct sun exposure.
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Similarly, staying hydrated can greatly reduce the risk of heat illness, so farm managers need to provide workers with not only fresh water but also easily accessible water, perhaps through a portable water source that travels with workers as they move around the orchard or field, Forti said.
In addition, Tigchelaar proposed a different work structure from the piecework model because during piecework, “even if water is available, workers are not encouraged to go and drink water,” he said.
Forti offered additional strategies: set up a buddy system to help make sure someone noticed a co-worker was overheated and allowed them to rest and drink some water; schedule specific tasks in the morning, such as maintenance or operation of heat-generating equipment; if possible, postpone general working hours to avoid extreme daytime heat; and the gradual integration of new workers so that they can gradually get used to the workload and the summer weather.
These are the types of heat strategies that the agricultural community around the world should be thinking about now and will be thinking about for the future, Tigchelaar said.
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“When working on climate change, we focus a little bit on the people who do a lot of the actual physical work in our food system,” he said. “When we think about a warmer climate and who is most at risk and who will be affected, farm workers will be at the forefront. And as we see with this pandemic right now, when the most vulnerable are affected, we are all affected.” •
Dr. Leslie Mertz is a longtime freelance science writer based in Gaylord, Michigan, and has been a regular contributor to Good Fruit Grower since 2015.
85 (degrees) Celsius or Centigrade is written 85 °C, and Fahrenheit (degrees) is indicated by the symbol °F.
So, if you were looking for 85°C to 85°F, then you are also correct. 🙂
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Our video below shows the conversion: How to Convert 85 Celsius to Fahrenheit Video Watch this video to walk you through the conversion in just 75 seconds!
85 °C to °F Formula The 85 Celsius to Fahrenheit formula is a linear function: [°F] = ([85] x 9 ⁄ 5) + 32. Therefore, we get:
Temperature in Fahrenheit is lower: 85 °F = 29.44 °C °F is lower than 85 °C.
Next, let’s explain the math. Conversion To convert to temperature, start by multiplying 85 by 9 and 5.
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Here is a temperature approximation. What is 85 degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit? So far we have used the exact formula to convert 85 °C to Fahrenheit.
There are many types of thermometers, but a digital or liquid thermometer that displays both temperature units is recommended. Additional information Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, invented the international temperature scale.
Their temperature range is defined as degrees between boiling water and freezing. In contrast, Kelvin temperatures do not have degrees, they are absolute.
In your daily life, you will most likely come across temperature in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit, such as the temperature of the human body and for indicating boiling water.
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It is mostly used in science, for example to express the lowest temperatures or the surface temperature of a very hot object. Index What is 85 degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit?
For more information on temperature units, the definition of temperature or Kelvin in degrees, please see our articles in the main menu.
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